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Asma Hatoum-Aslan

Associate Professor of Microbiology

Research Interests

Research Topics

Genetics, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Microbial Physiology, Protein-Nucleic Acid Interactions, Regulation of Gene Expression, RNA Biology, Virology

Disease Research Interests

Infectious Diseases

Research Description

Mechanisms and applications of bacterial viruses (phages) and the immune systems targeted against them

Research in the Hatoum-Aslan lab seeks to gain a mechanistic understanding of the perpetual microscopic war that has been raging for billions of years between bacteria and the viruses that infect them. Bacterial viruses, also known as phages, attach to a specific host, inject their DNA, and replicate exponentially in a process that typically kills the host. In response, bacteria have evolved a myriad of complex immune systems to fend off invading phages. Our research uses the tools of molecular biology, genetic engineering, and biochemistry to probe and understand the defensive and offensive molecular mechanisms that bacteria and phages use against each other. A second research focus seeks to leverage the antimicrobial properties of phages and genetically engineer them for use in novel therapeutics that will help addresses the global health care crisis incited by the rise in antibiotic-resistant infections. We are also interested in exploring novel genome editing technologies and other potential applications for bacterial immune systems such as CRISPR-Cas.

Investigating mechanisms of CRISPR-Cas immunity in staphylococci

CRISPR-Cas systems are a class of prokaryotic immune systems that use small CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins to detect and destroy mobile genetic elements such as plasmids and invading phages. CRISPR-Cas systems are remarkably diverse, with two broad classes and six distinct Types currently described. Type III systems are among the most widespread in nature, and likely the most complex. We study a model Type III CRISPR-Cas system found in Staphylococcus species, also known as CRISPR-Cas10. Several ongoing projects in the lab carry out pioneering research on CRISPR-Cas10 to understand the complex ways in which it is regulated in the cell, and the extent to which it interacts with and impacts cellular processes previously considered unrelated to immunity (Walker et al, 2017; Chou-Zheng and Hatoum-Aslan, 2019).

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Depiction of general mechanism of CRISPR-Cas immunity
General mechanism of CRISPR-Cas immunity
Engineering phage-based diagnostics and antimicrobials

The spread of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria, coupled with the sharp decline in the discovery of new antibiotics, are together responsible for inciting a global public health crisis. Drug-resistant staphylococci are leading causes of healthcare-associated infections, and virulent phages, which kill staphylococci within minutes of infection, represent viable alternatives or supplements to conventional antibiotics. However, phage genomes are replete with genes of undetermined functions which can cause harmful downstream side-effects. Our work aims to help stem regulatory and safety concerns over the routine use of phages in humans. To achieve this, we developed a platform for the genetic engineering of virulent phages using CRISPR-Cas10 (Bari et al, 2017). Ongoing work seeks to engineer phages with well-defined components that can potentially be used as diagnostic tools and alternatives to antibiotics for the treatment of drug-resistant infections.

Discovering and characterizing new phages and anti-phage immune systems

Phages are considered the most abundant entities on the planet, with an estimated 1031 particles in the biosphere; However, a detailed understanding of their diversity and lifestyles remains in its infancy. Ongoing projects in the lab and in Dr. Hatoum-Aslan’s Research Experience in Microbiology course seek to discover and characterize new phages that infect pathogenic Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species. Dozens of phages have already been discovered (see Cater et al, 2017, for an example), and the continual expansion of our phage collection is paramount to understanding not only phage diversity, but also the diverse immune systems targeted against them. As an example, using our unique collection of S. epidermidis phages, we have uncovered a new immune system unlike any other described to date (Bari et al, 2022). Ongoing work continues to discover and characterize new phages and new defense systems, particularly in bacterial pathogens.

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Two rows of images - Staphylococcus phages discovered in Tuscaloosa, AL. Scale bar = 100 nm
Staphylococcus phages discovered in Tuscaloosa, AL. Scale bar = 100 nm
Stimulating interest in science through education and outreach

Our group has also been engaged in synergistic educational activities that provide research experiences and active learning opportunities for undergraduates and underrepresented groups in STEM disciplines, with a goal to inspire the next generation of scientists to enter into STEM careers. Such activities include developing and implementing a semester-long research-based lab course for undergraduates called MCB 493-REM Research Experience in Microbiology, and a five-day educational module/kit titled Exploring the CRISPR-Cas defense system for high school students. Thus far, MCB 493-REM and its predecessor offered at the University of Alabama (called Phage Discovery) has provided 95 undergraduates with authentic research experiences while discovering dozens of new phages, many of which have formed the basis for ongoing research projects in the lab. In addition, the educational kit has been piloted in five high schools in diverse communities in Alabama and is currently being offered nationwide through Carolina Biological Supply Company (https://tinyurl.com/4nr7vdnu).

 

Education

B.S. 1998 Florida Institute of Technology (Molecular Biology)
M.S. 2001 American University of Beirut (Biochemistry)
Ph.D. 2007 Cornell University (Biochemistry)
Postdoc. 2007-2008 Cornell University (Biochemistry)
Postdoc. 2010-2014 Rockefeller University (Bacteriology)

Awards and Honors

NIH/NIAID K22 Career Development Award, 2015
NSF/MCB CAREER Award, 2018
University of Alabama President's Faculty Research Award, 2018
Burroughs Wellcome PATH Award, 2020

Additional Campus Affiliations

Associate Professor, Microbiology
Affiliate, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology

Highlighted Publications

Representative Publications

Bari SMN, Chou-Zheng L, Howell O, Hossain, Hill CM, Boyle TA, Cater K, Dandu VS, Thomas A, Aslan B, and Hatoum-Aslan A. (2022) A unique mode of nucleic acid immunity performed by a multifunctional bacterial enzyme. Cell Host & Microbe, in press.

Hatoum-Aslan A. (2021) The phages of staphylococci: Critical catalysts in health and disease. Trends in Microbiology, 29(12), 1117-1129.

Chou-Zheng L and Hatoum-Aslan A. (2019) A Type III-A CRISPR-Cas system employs degradosome nucleases to ensure robust immunity. eLife, 8:e45393.

Nasef M, Muffly MC, Beckman AB, Rowe SJ, Walker FC, Hatoum-Aslan A*, and Dunkle JA*. (2019) Regulation of cyclic oligoadenylate synthesis by the S. epidermidis Cas10-Csm complex. RNA, 25(8), 948-962.

Hatoum-Aslan A. (2018). Phage Genetic Engineering Using CRISPR–Cas Systems. Viruses, 10(6), 335. DOI: 10.3390/v10060335.

Bari SMN, Walker FC, Cater K, Aslan B, and Hatoum-Aslan A. (2017). Strategies for editing virulent staphylococcal phages using CRISPR-Cas10. ACS Synth Biol, DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.7b00240.

Cater K, Dandu VS, Bari SMN, Lackey K, Everett GFK, and Hatoum-Aslan A. (2017). A novel Staphylococcus podophage encodes a unique lysin with unusual modular design. mSphere, 22(2) e00040-17.

Walker FC, Chou-Zheng L, Dunkle JA, and Hatoum-Aslan A. (2017). Molecular determinants for CRISPR RNA maturation in the Cas10-Csm complex and roles for non-Cas nucleases. Nucleic Acids Research, 45(4), 2112-23.

Samai P, Pyenson N, Jiang W, Goldberg G, Hatoum-Aslan A, and Marraffini LA. (2015). Cotranscriptional DNA and RNA cleavage during type III CRISPR-Cas immunity. Cell, 161(5), 1164-74.

Recent Publications

Hill, C. M., & Hatoum-Aslan, A. (2024). Genetic Engineering of Therapeutic Phages Using Type III CRISPR-Cas Systems. In Methods in Molecular Biology (pp. 279-299). (Methods in Molecular Biology; Vol. 2734). Humana Press Inc.. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3523-0_18

Boyle, T. A., & Hatoum-Aslan, A. (2023). Recurring and emerging themes in prokaryotic innate immunity. Current Opinion in Microbiology, 73, Article 102324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2023.102324

Paraan, M., Nasef, M., Chou-Zheng, L., Khweis, S. A., Schoeffler, A. J., Hatoum-Aslan, A., Stagg, S. M., & Dunkle, J. A. (2023). The structure of a Type III-A CRISPR-Cas effector complex reveals conserved and idiosyncratic contacts to target RNA and crRNA among Type III-A systems. PloS one, 18(6), Article e0287461. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287461

Bari, S. M. N., Chou-Zheng, L., Howell, O., Hossain, M., Hill, C. M., Boyle, T. A., Cater, K., Dandu, V. S., Thomas, A., Aslan, B., & Hatoum-Aslan, A. (2022). A unique mode of nucleic acid immunity performed by a multifunctional bacterial enzyme. Cell Host and Microbe, 30(4), 570-582.e7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2022.03.001

Boyle, T. A., & Hatoum-Aslan, A. (2022). Microbial genome mining expedition unearths trove of antiviral defenses. Cell Host and Microbe, 30(11), 1501-1503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2022.10.009

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  • The College of LAS has awarded more than 25 professors, including three from the School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, with named scholar positions for their contributions to education and research at the University of Illinois. 
  • A recent study by a team of researchers at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign has discovered a unique immune system in bacteria composed of a single enzyme that destroys a broad range of bacterial viruses (known as phages). Their findings were published in Cell Host & Microbe.
  • Professor Hatoum was one of ten new faculty hires made in the School of Molecular and Cellular Biology in the last three years. Hatoum is an assistant professor of microbiology and is part of the Microbial Systems Initiative.
  • With support and leadership from the School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, the Microbial Systems Initiative (MSI) aims to harness the existing and emerging strengths of the microbial sciences community and establish the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign as a leading center that will...